Lecithin - a byproduct derived from processing fat in soya oil
and is also present in spinach, nuts, eggs yolks, and red meat. Traditionally, lecithin has been used in commercial food processing as an emulsifier, instantizing agent, and lubricating agent. Lecithin is a source of choline when digested, and is a critical component of the lipoproteins which convey fat and cholesterol molecules in the blood. The choline from lecithin plays an important role in breaking down HDLs (high-density lipoproteins) - also known as `good` cholesterol - by the tissues of the liver, when it is part of the human dietary intake.
Glycogen - the chief reserve polysaccharide (form of storing) of glucose which is not used as fuel by body cells and is stored in muscle mass and in hepatocytes (characteristic liver tissue). Muscles seem to be bulkier at the time glycogen levels are high. Cultural Controls - in crop cultivation, an inter-related pest control system, which entails annual crop rotation to discourage pests and weed production.
Endorphins - natural biochemical substances released by the brain that function like powerful painkillers (chemically similar to opiates). These are the brain chemicals that contribute to the `runner`s high` (a state of near-euphoria when running) or the physical and emotional `high` in the middle of and after exercise. Pectin - an organic thickening agent found in ripe fruit. It is an important ingredient in making jams and jellies. Some fruits have high pectin levels (for example, citrus fruits, blackberries, apples, and red currants), while other fruits have low quantities of pectin (such as, strawberries), so lemon juice should additionally be used in those jams to help them reach the right gelling consistency.
FDA - refer to Food and Drug Administration. Acetone - a chemical formed when the body metabolizes fat in lieu of glucose for energy. When this happens, ketone levels rise and acetone `overflows` into urinary waste and is exhaled in the breath, producing a `fruity` odor. (Refer to Ketone bodies.)
Intensity - how hard the body works in the course of an activity. Broadly speaking, the faster the heart beats) the more intense the level of physical exertion.
Soy Protein - the protein found in soyabeans and soy-based food items which, if ingested at the level of 25 grams a day, may lessen the chances of cardiac illness.
Laparoscopic Obesity Surgery - also referred to as laparoscopic bariatric surgery. A minimally intrusive bariatric (obesity) surgical procedure carried out by using slender instruments and advanced camera systems.
Caffeine - a naturally-occurring stimulant found in the seeds, fruits, or leaves of over 63 types of plants across the world and is part of a set of compounds known as methylxanthines. The most popularly known sources of caffeine are coffee beans, cocoa beans, kola nuts, and tea-leaves. This stimulant is a pharmacologically active substance and, based on how much of it is ingested at one time, can be a mild nervous system stimulant. This substance is not stored or accumulated in the body over a period of time and is generally excreted some hours after it has been ingested.
Anaerobic - not containing oxygen or not requiring oxygen.
Compulsive Overeating - also referred to as `binge eating`.
Body Wrap - a treatment which helps in losing inches, better defining body contour, size, and shape as well as tightening and toning the skin. It involves encasing the body in coverings made of hot linens and other therapeutic materials, which are soaked in specific preparations. The treatment targets the specific bodily areas in need of attention and it helps in slimming and breaking up the toxins that are responsible for `orange peel` skin or cellulite.
Listeria - any bacteria of the genus `Listeria`. Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacterium, occurring in at least thirty-seven species of mammals, and in 17 species of birds and perhaps certain kinds of fish and shellfish. Listeria can be isolated from the soil, and is resistant to heat, freezing, and drying. This bacterial species has been associated with foods like un-pasteurized milk, soft or creamy cheeses, ice cream, raw vegetables, poultry (both raw and cooked), raw meat, and raw and smoked fish. Unlike other disease-causing bacteria, such as salmonella, which can cause food-borne illnesses, listeria is able to survive and continue to develop at temperatures of even 5°C (41°F).
Duodenum - the initial portion of the small intestinal tract, which is linked to the stomach.
Obese - refers to an individual who is dangerously overweight on account of an excessive and unhealthy amount of body fat. There are many ways to determine if an individual is obese, but experts are of the opinion that an individual`s BMI (Body Mass Index) is the most precise measurement of body fat for adults and children alike. Obese is normally indicated by a Body Mass Index of 30+. There could be exceptions. As an example, an athlete might show a higher than normal BMI but still be at an ideal body weight.
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